The 2nd New Deal, Minorities, and FDR's Impact

DIRECTIONS: Read, Chapter 23-2, which is about President Roosevelt’s Second New Deal, and then summarize the following important legislative acts. Make sure you include significant details in your summary.

1. What was the Works Progress Administration?
     The Works Progress Admin. was set up to help youths, professionals, and other workers.  It was meant to create many jobs as quickly as possible.  It gave jobs to more than 8 billion people and created/renovated many buildings.

2. How did the New Deal help labor? (Hint: Wagner Act)
    The new deal had set up the NIRA, but was dubbed unconstitutional by the supreme court.  The Wagner Act (NLRA)was put into place to reestablish the NIRA so that workers could join unions safely.

3. What benefits did the Social Security system provide?
     The social security system was a system that supported people over the age of 65 and gave them insurance for retirement.  The system also provided aid to the unemployed and to families with dependent dissabled children.

Read pages 710 to 713 in Chapter 23-3 (The New Deal Affects Many Groups) and answer the following questions:

4. Why was the “Black Cabinet” important to the Roosevelt administration?
     The members of the black cabinet were very influential to FDR and helped him figure out how to help with racial issues.

5. Evaluate the actions and policies of the Roosevelt administration on civil rights.
   FDR didn't want to upset the democratic voters that lived in the south.  He refused to accept the anti-lynching law or the poll tax.  FDR did not do very much to help black or aid the civil rights movement.

6. What changes occurred for Native Americans as a result of the New Deal?
   Native Americans received very strong suport from the government.  They had received full citizenship and the government helped them get their land back.  The native americans land could be reclaimed.  Their number of boarding schools for native american children would decrease and they would be able to go to schools on the reservations.

7. Why was the Wagner Act significant?
   Because of the Wagner Act, unions received better working hours and conditions.  They also improved their bargaining power and they saw FDR as a "friend of labor".

DIRECTIONS: Read, Chapter 23-5, which is about the impact of New Deal reforms, and take notes about the lasting effects of those reform on American society.

 8a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for LABOR? 8b. And, what were the lasting effects of these LABOR laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
     a.  The Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act, and the National Labor Relations Board (today) are all acts and regulation things that ensured the rights of workers.
     b.  Today, we have the National Labor Relations Board, which acts as a mediator between unions and employers (created under the Wagner Act).

9a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LIFE? 9b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
     a.  The Agricultural Adjustment Act (#1 + #2) and the Common Credit Corp., were two ways that the government greatly helped the agriculture/rural life people.
     b.  These new laws helped farmers regain their land and gather money that they had lost because of the debt.  It gave them federal aid until 2000.
 
10a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for BANKING AND FINANCE  10b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
     a.  The Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, created by the Glass-Steagall Act, were both acts that aided in banking and finance.
     b.  Both of these agencies had fixed and helped the banking systems.  The SEC still enforces and checks the stock market prices.  The FDIC makes sure that people are insured and have money to fall back on if their bank fails.

11a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for SOCIAL WELFARE  11b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
     a.  The Social Security Act is the major act that aided social welfare and helped people who were in debt and things.
     b.  The SSA gives insurance to people who are retired and to families that have children who are disabled.

12a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for ENVIRONMENT  12b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
     a.  The Civilian Conservation Corps, the Soil Conservation and the Service Taylor Grazing Act were all acts that FDR greatly approved of.
     b.  All 3 of these were very important, because they gave jobs to the unemployed.  The CCC planted hundreds of trees in the areas of the dust bowl and gave money to the workers who build new/ rebuild buildings like schools.

FDR and the New Deal

I hope this isn't late.. "due prior to class, Monday, March 5" means that its due right before class starts after lunch, and not March 5th.. right?
1. What plans did Roosevelt make in the four months while he waited to take office?

     Durring those four years before he was inaugurated, Roosevelt, with his team of special people, created a new set of policies, later called the New Deal, and this new deal was ment to help people with economic troubles, relief for the needy and fixing the banks.

2. How successful were FDR's fireside chats?

     Because of FRD's fire side radio chats, he could tell people what was going on and what he was trying to fix in the country.  FRD wanted to make sure that people knew what he was trying to do and what all these things actually ment.  They made it feel like the president was really talking to them and that they were having a mutual conversation.

3. How did New Deal programs affect various regions of the United States?

     There were many ways that the New Deal programs tried to help the different regions of the US.  There was the Glass-Steagall Act, which provided federal accounts of up to 5000 as to make sure that citizens money that was put in banks was safe.  There was also the Federal Security Acts, which required businesses to give a full account of all of their stock price things and made them liable for faulty information.  There was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which supported farmers and gave them money if they cut back on producing food.  or not using acres of land.  In other parts of the country, there were acts like the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the National Industrial Recovery Act.  Both helped generate jobs for the unemployed and there were many new projects that were made.

4. How did liberal and conservative critics differ in their opposition to the New Deal?

       Liberal critics of FDR did not think that his New Deal plan went far enough.  They thought that he needed to take a major step to help the poor and reform the nation's economy.  Conservative critics thought that he was trying to controle business and they didn't like the Agricultural Adjustment Act or the National Industrial Recovery Act.  They thought that he was going to far and should let the market fix itself.

5. Do you think Roosevelt was wrong to try to "pack" the Supreme Court with those in favor of the New Deal? Explain your answer.

     No I do not think that FDR was wrong to try to replace Supreme court members with his own.  He was trying to help out his country.  The supreme court was trying to take the deal apart.  He probably didn't need to try to get rid of so many, but FDR was just trying to help the US get out of its hard times.

6. Of the New Deal programs discussed in this section, which do you consider the most important?
Explain your choice. Think About:
• the type of assistance offered by each program
• the scope of each program
• the impact of each program

     I think that the type of assistance offered by each program was the most important.  Each program was designed to help a certain group of people as much as it can.  I am totally making stuff up right here.  The programs are trying to help people at the base of the problem.  Starting with farmers, and working up to the big businesses.

Hardship and Suffering During the Depression

1. What were some of Hoover's key convictions about government?        
     Hoover believed that the government should not help its citizens when there was a crisis.  They should figure the problem out by themselves.  They shouldn't be depending on the governments help.  The government is more like a sentry, rather than a helpful parent.  Hoover wanted the citizens to figure out their dept problem with out government intervention.

2. What did President Herbert Hoover say and do in response to the Great Depression?       
     Hoover wanted people to believe that the crash was nothing to worry about.  That they should all have confidence in their economy and shouldn't panic.  He wanted them to go on as they usually did.  Depressions were suposed to be a normal part of economy and they were not suposed to do anything about it.

3. Why do you think people blamed Hoover for the nation's difficulties?       

     The people of the US needed some one to blame.  They needed a scapegoat for all of the bad things that were happening to them.  They were desperate for food and a warm home and a loving family to come home to  rather than shantytown box houses and soup kitchens.   The president was suposed to help his citizens, right? So why wasn't Hoover helping them get back their homes and have food everyday?  They wanted Hoover's help but he wasn't going to give any.

These next three are gona be really bad because I am doing them in study for I procrastinated a lot...

4. How did Hoover's belief in "rugged individualism" shape his policies during the Great Depression.

Think About:

• what his belief implies about his view of people

• how that translates into the role of government

• Hoover’s policies (How effective were they?)       
     Hoover was a humanitarian.  He also believed that the citizens shouldn't rely on the government's money all the time.  He wanted to help as little as possible and didn't want to give direct relief to anyone.  I think he was a little paranoid...  He didn't really help anyone until near the end of the depression and even then it didn't really fix anything.  Congress tried to pass a bunch of things that would help the citizens but he denied them.  And he just didn't really do anything productive for the country except build a dam that he named after himself...

5. What did the Bonus Army want and how did Hoover respond?      

    The bonus Army, who were away durring all of this, came back to find their country in great disaster.  They wanted a bill passed: The Patman Bill.  This bill would have given them 500$ for their services (in 1945) and lifetime insurance.  Some guy wanted the 500$ to be payed immediately.  Hoover thought that these veterans were Communists and didn't trust them.  He wanted them to disperse and told them all to leave.  Then when some of them didn't he took out his army and forced them to leave.  Shooting 2 people and injuring many and killing a child and blinding a boy.  No one liked him after this and in the next election Roosevelt got elected.

6. When Franklin Delano Roosevelt heard about the attack on the Bonus Army, why was he so certain that he would defeat Hoover?

Think About:

• the American public’s impression of Hoover (See your answer to No. 3)

• Hoover’s actions to alleviate the Great Depression (see your answer to No. 4)

• how people judged Hoover after the attack.       
     He knew that every one else didnt like Hoover in the first place, and when Hoover did that stunt with the Bonus army, people didnt like him more than before.  Hoover just kept making his situation worse by not helping anyone and doing barely anything.  The public was not happy and wanted help from the government so that they could live properly again.  When Hoover ordered the attack on the bonus army, people were outraged.  Why would he attack his own soldiers who fought in ww1?  He should be honoring them not attacking them.  Roosevelt knew that after that, he would definitely get the presidency.